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SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING embedded technology, is changing," says Sovani. For example, look at the Fluent Fuel Cell and Electrolysis module from Ansys. The underlying solver is Fluent, the CFD solver, but the module is tailored to evaluate the basic physics of the chemical transport in batteries. Likewise, Ansys has two software packages for modeling the combustion process inside an engine and for accurately predicting the resulting emissions. Ansys Forté CFD is a specialized CFD solver for the combustion process inside a combustion engine. Embedded within Forté is ChemKin-Pro (short for chemical kinetics). ChemKin-Pro models the chem- istry of combustion, which leads to studying the various chemicals that form pollutants. Forté models can analyze the combustion of multi-component fuels under various dynamic spray conditions (e.g., direct and port injection, two and four stroke, homogenous charge compression ignition, premixed and partially premixed). The representation of the physical spray and the related kinetics leads to accurate predictions of fuel efects, including soot particle formation, growth, agglomeration, oxidation and statistics on particle sizes and mass loading. The goal, concludes Doyle, is to focus on sustainability "way up front in the design cycle versus later on," when non-com- pliance is "riskier" because the costs in design changes, fnes, even lost sales, are so much more signifcant. that's what Tecnomatix simulates. But you not only want to optimize your throughput, you want to analyze the energy utilization." A module within Tecnomatix lets customers see various what-if scenarios to determine, for example, how long to let a conveyor belt idle before shutting it down to save on energy consumption, while balancing the tradeofs in starting and stopping that conveyor belt, which consumes energy. CAE/FEA/CFD software and simulation software also comes into play where sustainability matters. The "beauty of engineering software," says Sandeep Sovani, director, global automotive industry, for Ansys, Inc. ( ansys.com ), is that it is "based on fundamental physics. Fundamental physics doesn't change whether we are applying it to a car, an airplane, a rocket, a factory foor or an entire plant." For example, the same fnite element analysis (FEA) or CFD (computational fuid dynamics) software for optimizing the aerodynamics of a vehicle design is used in optimizing the power consumption of a plant, ensuring, for example, that enough cooling air is fowing through the plant and being used efectively. The software is hardly stagnant. It has to refect the new thinking, the new problems, and the new applications of physics that are always coming up in the automotive industry. So, while the underlying software may stay the same, "the software is changing in response to how the technology, the The goal is to focus on sustainability way up front in the design cycle versus later on, when non-compliance is "riskier." 7.272E2 7.213E2 7.154E2 7.095E2 7.035E2 6.976E2 6.917E2 6.858E2 6.798E2 6.739E2 6.680E2 Temperature Units: K Here is a spray representation at the start of fuel injection for a diesel- engine sector-mesh simulation. This is from the Ansys Forté CFD package, which can combine the physical properties of a droplet spray with the chemical model of the fuel. 42